a.

America's largest garbage dumps are all in the eastern part of the country.

b.

Pennsylvania landfills receive most of America's trash..

c.

New York City sends its trash to landfills in other states.

d.

Disposal of much trash occurs far away from where the trash was generated.

1.

¹Jobs offer us a number of significant benefits. ²First of all, they give us the financial means to pay for our wants and needs. ³Second, they provide structure and direction for the day by determining what we do and when we do it. ⁴Third, our jobs give us the opportunity to use our skills and develop new ones, so they keep us from getting bored. ⁵Fourth, they provide us with enjoyable opportunities for social interaction with different kinds of people. ⁶Fifth, career development and advancement encourage the pursuit of meaningful goals, so jobs give us a sense of purpose in our lives. ⁷Finally, jobs provide us with a sense of identity and, for many of us, prestige as well. (Source of information: Paul E. Levy, Industrial/Organizational Psychology, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2003, pp. 336-337.)

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2.

¹Japanese food, which contains a lot of fish, vegetables, soy bean products, and rice, is loaded with disease-preventing nutrients. ²The oily fish in sushi, for example, has essential omega-3 fatty acids. ³Studies show that these acids guard against many ailments, including heart disease, many cancers, and Alzheimer's disease. ⁴They also boost the immune system and improve mood. ⁵The soy bean products, such as tofu, in Japanese food are a rich source of isoflavines, compounds that protect against diseases like breast cancer. ⁶Because these healthful foods ward off disease, eating Japanese food contributes to a longer life. ⁷Japanese food is also much lower in fat and calories than many other kinds of cuisine. ⁸Therefore, eating Japanese cuisine helps keep weight off and avoid obesity. ⁹For all of these reasons, Japanese cuisine is perhaps the healthiest in the world. (Source of information: Rose Shepherd, "Noodles of Good Health," Times Online, May 15, 2004, http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,8126-1109133,00.html)

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3.

¹Have you ever wished that you could quickly a shake a bad mood and turn a bad day into a good one? ²Research suggests that there are four different fast, effective ways to give yourself a mood makeover. ³The first way is to sing an upbeat song. ⁴According to the British journal Psychology and Psychotherapy, singing takes you away from your everyday existence. ⁵It also lowers tension levels and improves mood almost instantly. ⁶The second way to boost your mood is to write about what is annoying you. ⁷In a recent study, psychologist Robin Kowalski had one group of angry people write about what was bothering them and a second group write about other topics. ⁸Afterward, the people who wrote about their gripes felt significantly happier than those who didn't. ⁹The third way to feel better is to eat foods that soothe you. ¹⁰Everyone attaches positive associations to certain foods, especially ones like ice cream, chocolate, and cookies, and eating a comforting food will often lift your spirits. ¹¹And the fourth mood-booster involves taking a supplement known as 5-HTP (5-hydroxytryptophan). ¹²Some medical studies indicate that 5-HTP has an anti-depressant effect that occurs within the first few minutes after taking the pill. (Source of information: Christina Frank, "Mood Makeovers in Minutes," Health, June 2003, pp. 60-64.)

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4.

¹For many years, scholars have questioned whether the man named William Shakespeare, who had little formal education, actually wrote the great works of literature credited to him. ²Different researchers have suggested that William Shakespeare was a pen name, and they have proposed a number of people who might have been the actual author of the famous plays and poetry. ³American writer Robin Williams, for example, argues that Shakespeare was actually a woman—Mary Sidney, the Countess of Pembroke. ⁴Williams claims that Mary Sidney was the most educated woman in England after Queen Elizabeth I and would have possessed the knowledge necessary to write the Shakespeare plays. ⁵In addition, Williams argues, the first collection of Shakespeare's plays was dedicated to Mary Sidney's sons. ⁶Therefore, Mary Sidney was actually the plays' composer. ⁷Williams also points out that Shakespeare's contemporary Ben Jonson called Shakespeare the "sweet swan of Avon." ⁸Mary Sidney had two estates on the Avon River, and her personal symbol was the swan. (Source of information: "Mystery: Was Shakespeare a She?" Newsweek, June 28, 2004, www.msnbc.msn.com/id/5250890/site/newsweek/)

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5.

¹As children, we are taught that we should never judge a book by its cover. ²However, research has shown that we all routinely make judgments about people based on their appearance alone. ³One 1997 study revealed that people tend to view crime suspects dressed in black, a color associated with evil, as more aggressive than crime suspects dressed in lighter colors. ⁴According to another study done in 2000, people with features such as a full, round face, curly hair, long eyelashes, and large eyes are usually judged to be kind-hearted and not mean-spirited. ⁵Research completed in the 1980s showed that adults who have mature features—such as small eyes, wrinkled skin, and a pointed chin—are viewed as stronger, more dominant, and more competent. ⁶Adults with baby-faced features—such as large eyes, smooth skin, and a rounded chin—are viewed as inexperienced, weak, and submissive. ⁷We even judge people based on their names. ⁸A 1993 study found that fictional characters with old-fashioned names, like Walter, Dorothy, and Edith, are judged to be less popular and less intelligent than characters with more modern names, like Kevin, Lisa, and Michelle. (Source of information: Sharon S. Brehm et al., Social Psychology, 5^th ed., Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2002, pp. 94-95.)

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